Rezumat simplu

Chiar dacă colonialismul sub forma sa de imperialism modern a luat sfârşit în a două jumătate secolului XX, felul în care lumea occidentală percepe populaţiile şi culturile fostelor colonii este în continuare influenţat de colonialism. Proiectul de faţă şi-a propus în primul rând să arate cum percepţiile şi prejudecăţile moştenite de la colonialism influenţează jocurile video şi cum aceste prejudecăţi se combină cu alte tipuri de prejudecăţi legate de identitatea de gen. În al doilea rând, proiectul şi-a propus să analizeze dacă jocurile video pot critica prejudecăţile mai sus enunţate. În al treilea rând, proiectul s-a ocupat cu felul cum gândirea colonială occidentală a influenţat gândirea est-european despre identitate naţională şi istorie.

Cele trei obiective mai sus enunţate au fost dovedite cu succes. În capitolul “Can Artificial Humans Go to Heaven? Transhumanist Salvation in Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Hitman Series” se arată cum în jocurile Hitman identitatea rasială sau etnică a diferitelor personaje de proveninţă dintr-o fostă colonie este utilizată pentru a face uciderea personajului în cauză mai puţin blamabilă. “From Male to Colonial Gaze: The Intersection of Patriarchy and Colonial Discourse in the Rebooted Tomb Raider Video Game Series” continua direcţia capitolului precedent şi arată cum în recentele jocuri Tomb Raider protagonista poate îndeplini rolul de colonizator-explorator doar dacă respectă autoritatea patriarhală. De asemenea, se arată cum jocurile prezintă imperialismul modern într-o lumină favorabilă tratând ideea de colonizator-civilizator ca fiind acceptabilă.

Nu toate jocurile se lasă influenţate de colonialism. Cartea Immersion, Narrative, and Gender Crisis in Survival Horror Video Games arată cum criza masculinităţii personajelor principale din jocurile survival horror aduce cu sine o incapacitatea a acestora de a coloniza spaţiile ale alterităţii pe care trebuie să le parcurgă. Mai mult decât atât, felul în care această incapacitate este reprezentată de jocurile survival horror invită jucătorul la reflecţie cu privire la prejudecăţile din jocurile video de acţiune. Această direcţie este continuată de articolul acceptat spre publicare “From Saviour to Colonial Perpetrator. Manipulating Player Empathy in Silent Hill 2 and Silent Hill Origins” care arată cum jocurile enumerate în titlu manipulează empatia jucătorului cu protagonistul pentru a atrage atenţia cu privire la tendinţa jocurilor video de a obliga jucătorul să acţioneze colonial fără a da atenţie consecinţelor morale negative ale colonialismului.

Gândirea colonială occidentală şi ideologiile discriminatorii asociate acesteia au influenţat şi gândirea în Europa de Est. În acest sens, în articolul “The ‘Pure’ Romanian: (Re)writing Romanian National Identity in Dan Puric’s Romanian Soul” arăt cum naţionalismul etnic românesc din perioada interbelică şi miturile comuniste româneşti sunt recuperate în eseul lui Dan Puric. Mai mult decât atât, în articolul “(Anti)Colonial Anti-Communism in S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl. Appropriating the Anti-Colonial Rhetoric of Heart of Darkness and F.E.A.R. to Criticize Soviet Communism” arât cum jocul analizat exprimă la nivel alegoric un mesaj anti-comunist folosind clişee împrumutate de la colonialismul occidental.

Nu în ultimul rând, volumul colectiv cu publicare anticipată pentru 2024 aflat sub contract cu editura De Gruyter, Colonial Intersections in Video Games, conţine o serie de analize de jocuri video dezvoltate în mai multe regiuni ale lumii, serie care oferă o perspectivă largă asupra gândirii coloniale occidentale, a felului cum aceasta este preluată de alte culturi şi a felului cum o critică la adresa colonialismului poate fi articulată în jocurile video.

Workshop Programme

Video Games at the Intersection of Postcolonialism, Postcommunism, and Globalisation

September 19, 2021, GMT +3 (Bucharest Time)

Online Workshop Programme

Panel 1 (Post)colonial IntersectionsPanel 2 – Colonizing Other WorldsPanel 3 – Variations of Colonialism: Postcommunism
11:00 – 11:30 Aline Job – “Representation Troubles of Women in Video Games: Colonial Gender Hierarchy”13:00 – 13:30 Angshuman Dutta – “Colonising Space: Terra Nullius and No Man’s Sky15:00 – 15:30 Ştefan Baghiu – “Primordialism and the World System: Assassin’s Creed Between History and Fiction”
11:30 – 12:00 Ryan Kerr – “Shenmue II, Postcolonialism, and the Rise of Neoliberalism”13:30 – 14:00 Karina Pătrăşcanu – “Posthumanist Concernsin the Colonial Construction of Human Occupation of Outer Space in the Science Fiction Video Game EVE Online15:30 – 16:00 Andrei Zănescu – “Counter-Balkanism in the Witcher: A Simulation of Cultural Identity”
12:00 – 12:30 Nicoleta Bleiu – “Post-colonial Representations of Trauma and Cultural Anxieties in Video Games Inspired by the Game of Thrones World”14:00 – 14:30 Andrei Nae – “Colonial Perpetuation in the Silent Hill series”16:00 – 16:30 Andrei Călinoaia – “Self-Exoticizing Iterations of Postcommunist Trauma in Black: The Fall

The workshop will be hosted on Zoom. Attendees are asked to email one of the project’s collaborators, Ruxandra Gîdei, at ruxandra.gidei@yahoo.com in order to request the Zoom meeting link. The link will be provided 24 hours prior to the workshop.

[Extended Deadline] Call for Papers: Video Games at the Intersection of Postcolonialism, Postcommunism, and Globalisation

Call for Papers

Video Games at the Intersection of Postcolonialism, Postcommunism, and Globalisation

Online Workshop

September 19, 2021

Center for American Studies, University of Bucharest

In the past decades, video games have established themselves as a global entertainment medium enjoying ever-increasing sales and profits. What was once a contested form of entertainment, now benefits from a level of social acceptability comparable to that of more traditional media such as the cinema. The popularity and cultural capital of video games calls for an inquiry into their contribution to the construction of cultural identity. While this avenue of research has begun to gain momentum, as proven by the increasing number of academic publications on gender identity or sexual orientation, less attention has been given to colonialism and colonial subjects in the context of today’s neoliberal postcolonial and postcommunist world.

The dismantling of the Soviet Union, the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the subsequent war on terror have not only galvanised postcolonial theory, but have also determined it to update its method so as to meet the geopolitical and cultural conditions of the 21st century. One approach which has developed is the attempt to employ the postcolonial toolkit for postcommunist contexts, while another has been to conduct a materialist critique of postcolonial theory itself in order to reveal whether its reliance on postmodern philosophy, particularly the Foucauldian notion of discourse, precludes the articulation of resistance to neo-colonialism.

As cultural artefacts, video games are no strangers to the global dynamics which have unfolded in the past decades. Firstly, by means of their procedural rhetoric, they play a major role in how power relations are consolidated or contested in various contexts around the world. Secondly, the very manner in which AAA games are produced pays tribute to neoliberal economic practices that reinforce colonial power relations.

Considering the relation between video games and the multiple forms of colonialism, this workshop welcomes contributions that address the following questions:

  • How are video games structured by colonial discourse?
  • Can colonialism be contested by video games? What are the means employed by such games in order to convey a critique of colonialism?
  • How do video games relate to the communist past of the countries under the former Iron Curtain? To what extent is the representation/simulation of communism similar to conventional representations of colonialism?
  • How are colonial clichés, tropes, and stereotypes reworked in order to represent contemporary cultural anxieties?
  • How do colonial identities intersect with gender, class, sexual orientation, etc. in video games?
  • Is gaming culture (post)colonial? What role do neoliberal notions of individualism and meritocracy play in the (post)colonial gaming culture at large, including here the games themselves, video game geek culture, and the gaming industry?
  • How does video games’ intermedial network influence its colonial politics?
  • How can we accommodate the method of postcolonial theory to the medium specificity of games in order to reveal the ideological nature of gameplay?

This workshop is organised by the postdoctoral project “Colonial Discourse in Video Games” PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2019-0898 financed by the Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI), project manager Dr. Andrei Nae.

Prospective participants are invited to submit abstracts of up to 300 words. Proposals should be in .doc or .docx format, and should also include (within the same document) name and institutional affiliation, a short bio (no more than 100 words), and e-mail address. Proposals for panel discussions (to be organized by the participant) will also be considered. Please send proposals (and enquiries) to andrei.nae@lls.unibuc.ro

ABSTRACT SUBMISSION DEADLINE: 01/06/2021

EXTENDED ABSTRACT SUBMISSION DEADLINE: July 15, 2021

There is no participation fee.

The organiser’s intention is to publish a selection of the contributions at an international publisher.

For further details and updates, see: https://wordpress.com/post/colonialdiscourseinvideogames.wordpress.com/48